Numerical Simulation of Flame Retardant Polymers Using a Combined Eulerian–Lagrangian Finite Element Formulation

Many polymer-made objects show a trend of melting and dripping in fire, behavior that may be modified by adding flame retardants (FRs). These affect materials properties, e.g., heat absorption viscosity. In this paper, the effect retardant on fire polymers UL 94 scenario is studied. This goal achieved essentially applying new computational strategy combines particle finite element method for polymer with an Eulerian formulation air. The sample selected polypropylene (PP) magnesium hydroxide at 30 wt.%. For modelling, values density, conductivity, specific heat, viscosity, Arrhenius coefficients are obtained from different literature sources, experimental characterization performed. However, to alleviate missing viscosity high temperature, three curves introduced basis curve provided NIST images test. experiment, we burn specimen under condition, recording process measuring temperature evolution means thermocouples. test solved, validating methodology quantifying FR behavior. numerical results prove well-adjusted crucial achieving good agreement between terms shape inside polymer.